Here's another one:
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-factbox-idUSTRE7450UC20110506
Factbox: Key issues in China-U.S. trade
Senior U.S. and Chinese officials will grapple with the vast and sometimes contentious relationship between the world's two biggest economies in two days of talks in Washington D.C. from Monday.
Here is an explanation of the issues that may be discussed at the latest annual Strategic and Economic Dialogue.
U.S. TRADE DEFICIT, CHINA'S SURPLUS
A key cause of friction is the U.S. trade deficit with China. Despite a pledge by both countries to work together to overcome global imbalances, the U.S. trade deficit with China in 2010 rose to $273.1 billion, up 20.4 percent from 2009.
That surpassed the record of $268 billion set in 2008, illustrating how heavily China still relies on exports to the United States to fuel economic growth.
CURRENCY
China's currency policies have long been a major irritant in ties and a focus of U.S. congressional anger since at least 2005, though it has cooled a bit as an issue more recently.
Many U.S. lawmakers believe the yuan is undervalued by 15-40 percent, giving Chinese exporters an unfair price.
China loosened its currency from a nearly two-year peg to the dollar last June, and this year has guided the yuan to record highs. It has now appreciated about 5 percent since June, and 1.5 percent since the start of this year.
Beijing has made clear it will deploy the currency as a weapon to fight inflation, which hit a 32-month high of 5.4 percent in March.
U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said on May 3 that though the yuan is rising more rapidly it needs to move even faster toward a market-driven exchange rate.
The U.S. Treasury has delayed issuing a semi-annual report on the currency practices of U.S. trade partners that, in theory, could have labeled China a foreign exchange manipulator. It is likely the Obama administration will opt for continued behind-the-scenes persuasion but avoid harsher actions such as saying that China deliberately keeps the yuan undervalued to gain a trade edge.
However, the Obama administration faces continued calls from Congress to do more to pressure China.
After a trip to China in late April, Senator Charles Schumer, a prominent Democrat from New York, said he was "more convinced than ever" of the need to pass legislation to force China to raise the value of the yuan.
U.S. DEBT LEVELS
China's has the world's biggest foreign exchange reserves at just over $3 trillion.
About two-thirds are estimated to be invested in dollars. Beijing has repeatedly nudged Washington to give assurances about government debt levels and the strength of the dollar.
After Standard & Poor's slapped a negative outlook on the U.S. credit rating in April, China urged Washington to protect investors in its debt.
China has little choice but to keep its dollar-denominated debt for now, and that deters the government from voicing any worries about U.S. fiscal policy more loudly.
With the Chinese government determined to limit the yuan appreciation, it must buy a large amount of the dollars streaming into the country from its trade surplus and recycle those into U.S. investments.
PIRACY AND COUNTERFEITING
China has long faced American companies' ire about widespread unauthorized copying of software, music, films and other products, from luxury goods to industrial machinery.
The International Intellectual Property Alliance, which represents U.S. copyright industry groups, has estimated U.S. trade losses in China due to piracy at $3.5 billion in 2009. U.S. customs officials say 80 percent of the fake tennis shoes, clothing, luxury bags and other goods they seize each year at the border come from China.
China says it is making progress against intellectual property piracy and launched many enforcement campaigns to stamp out bootlegged books, music, DVDs and software but all are openly available. China remains on the U.S. "priority watch list" of countries deemed to have serious copyright and trademark theft.
Microsoft and other members of the Business Software Alliance in the United States complain that nearly 80 percent of the software installed on personal computers in China is pirated. They was a deal to boost U.S. software sales and exports to China by 50 percent in two years.
INDIGENOUS INNOVATION
Big U.S. companies like General Electric are worried that China's industry support "indigenous innovation" policies could make it more difficult for them to compete in China. This refers to regulations to promote innovation within China and reduce dependence on foreign technology and companies.
U.S. industry fears China is using discriminatory policies in areas from government procurement to technical standards and tax policy to promote state-owned enterprises at the expense of foreign firms.
U.S. companies also worry that under indigenous innovation, they may be forced to transfer development and ownership of intellectual property to China to participate in the country's huge government procurement market.
President Hu Jintao and other Chinese leaders have indicated goods produced by Chinese affiliates of U.S. and other foreign firms would be considered indigenous innovation products. But the Obama administration and U.S. businesses say they want stronger follow-up from Beijing to ensure that commitment is kept.
RARE EARTHS
China, which controls 97 percent of the world's rare earth supplies, has alarmed its trading partners by restricting exports of the minerals which are used in a variety of clean energy and high-industry technologies.
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has pressed the United States to secure a commitment from China to remove rare earth export taxes and quotas, and the United Steelworkers union also raised concern about the issue.
China has defended the restrictions as measures to manage supplies and control pollution associated with rare earth production. USTR officials have said they are looking at what action they can take, and note they have challenged other Chinese export restrictions at the WTO.
U.S. EXPORT CONTROLS, INVESTMENT BARRIERS
Beijing complains that Washington, while pushing for greater access for U.S. firms in the Chinese market, imposes unwarranted restrictions on Chinese investment in the United States, often citing national security concerns. China says it wants a level playing field for its investment into the United States.
China says it would buy more from the United States if not for overly restrictive U.S. controls on high-technology goods. The United States says China's argument is overstated. But it is in the process of reforming its export control system, which could lead to increased sales of some less-sensitive items.
Experts say better Chinese protection of U.S. intellectual property is a prerequisite for any major easing of export controls. Without that, say analysts, U.S. tech exports will taper off as Chinese firms copy the products.
(Reporting by Chris Buckley, Editing by Jonathan Thatcher